Authors Note: This is a
research/district assessment essay on the science topic of cloning. It will
describe the history, process, and many other intriguing facts about cloning.
What is cloning?
Cloning is a complex task that requires a person to make an exact replica of an
animal. The copy would have the exact DNA as the animal that was cloned (What is
Cloning?).
One example of cloning is identical twins. The twins weren’t cloned by a
scientist, but they were cloned in naturally. Cloning is well researched topic
by scientists and is one of the most controversial and interesting topics that
are in science today (What is Cloning?).
First, let’s talk
about the history of cloning. The first person to successfully clone an animal
was in the late 1800’s named Hans Dreisch. The most known cloned animal is
called the Dolly sheep, but Hans Dreisch successfully cloned a sea urchin. Hans
Dreisch put two attached embryo cells into a beaker and shook them until the
separated. The two separated embryo cells grew into normal sea urchins with no
signs of being cloned (Thinkquest.org).
Now, you are
probably wondering what the process of cloning is. First, you must get a donor
nucleus ready. Then you must get an unfertilized egg. Next, you carefully
remove the nucleus of the unfertilized egg. Then you insert the donor nucleus
to the egg. Last you put the egg into a womb of a female animal. There is more
of a chance that the egg will not produce anything, but there is a possibility
that it will clone the animals (Carver).
Even though,
animals are the ones being cloned, many scientists believe that in the next few
years we will be able to clone humans. Humans can be cloned, but it would be harder than any other
mammal. One reason is that two important proteins are very close to the
chromosomes in eggs. So removal of the nucleus to put in the donor nucleus
would remove the proteins of the cell, which would make cell division harder. Still,
scientists believe that in the next couple of years cloning humans will be
possible (Cloning).
However, there is a risk to
cloning. Right now, there are about 1 – 2 successfully cloned animals per 100
tries. So cloning humans could cause defects in the cloned human because they
would be using that persons DNA. Also many people believe that everyone is
different and special in their own way, so cloning wouldn’t make people as
special. These are some reasons that cloning is a very controversial topic. As
cloning humans would be a cool and amazing scientific breakthrough, but it
would make people not as unique and special as they are right now (Cloning Fact
Sheet)
Scientists are continuously
making the cloning technology better and that could help make cloning more
efficient and easier to do. Cloning is a very controversial topic that is very
well researched among scientists. As it would be cool to clone a human, I do
not think that the risk is of cloning a human is worth it. All in all, cloning
is a very complex task that many scientists have the honor to participate and
improve in.
Bibliography
Batra, Karen. "Process of
Cloning." 2008. CloneSaftey.org virtual pressroom. 17 April 2012
<http://www.clonesafety.org/cloning/facts/process/>.
Carver, Roy J. "Cloning: How To Make
Identical Genomes ." 2004. Iowa Public Television. 17 April 2012
<http://www.iptv.org/exploremore/ge/what/clone.cfm>.
"Cloning." 1 July 2011. National
Human Genome Research Institute . 17 April 2012
<http://www.genome.gov/25020028>.
"Cloning Fact Sheet." 11 May
2009. Human Genome Project Information. 19 April 2012
<http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml#humans>.
Thinkquest.org. 25 April 2012
<http://library.thinkquest.org/20830/Frameless/Manipulating/Experimentation/Cloning/longdoc.htm>.
"What is Cloning?" Genetic
Science Learning Center. 17 April 2012
<http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning/>.